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The proper question to ask would not be on how to quickly amend the disorganization and the level of common sense deviations confronting the city. That would not be possible. There would be no quick fix to the three-dimensional urban manifestations of such short term flawed thinking.  In the case of Rome, where the city […]

With its pragmatic architectural curriculum, as I was studying at the University of Maryland’s Architecture and Urban Design program (2006-2011), I have first heard about Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus movement from my mentors. Skimming through various picture books of Bauhaus products and buildings in the schools library, I ruled out using such precedents for […]

The thesis of this essay is on why we should revitalize and prioritize parks, parkways, park systems and the activity of gardening in the planning of new towns or cities, urban or suburban. This can only be achieved through the implementation and enforcement of proper urban planning policies with the underlying goal of progress in […]

Successfully designing a formal, pastoral, scenic, or sublime landscape involves a complex synthesis of artistic vision and horticultural expertise. A landscape architect must possess an in-depth knowledge of tree and plant species suited to specific climates and regions, as well as advanced skills in composition making and spatial arrangement. Achieving mastery in this field requires […]

Our cognitive abilities enable us to envision potential scenarios for the future based on past empirical experiences and our innate creative skills. The intellectual process of refining and synthesizing (distilling) imagined future scenarios into a single cohesive plan ready to be communicated through language or via image and chart based graphic methods is called planning. The […]

There is a vast range of electromagnetic wave frequencies dissipating aimlessly throughout the cosmos, including those that are not perceptible to us, transmitting energy across the frictionless vacuum of emptiness, space. Unpolarized waves emitted from the Sun, for instance, makes its way to Earth as visible light and thermal energy. The blue wave frequencies in […]

The following is my premise on a method for establishing biodiversity-friendly orchards with reduced economic risk. In recent years, I have observed a troubling trend in the fertile agricultural lands of Cilicia* where owners of many orchards have ordered the removal of established trees to be replaced by other trendy varieties in response to the […]

For an extended period of time, I thought that the dysfunctionality in the Middle East’s traffic stemmed from inadequate urban and infrastructural planning. I used to think that the poorly dimensioned roundabouts, abrupt lane merges, deficient road dimensions, a lack of pedestrian and bicycle paths and the absence of planned parallel parking spaces were the […]

Gravity is the fundamental force that orchestrates the interaction of masses, drawing objects toward one another and providing the structural cohesion necessary for the universe. It governs the motion and balance of planets, stars, and galaxies, anchoring the cosmos in a delicate dance. Omnipresent and omnipotent on Earth, gravity extends across the universe with an […]

Is the human body the product of a series of random phases that culminated in its present form, or did it evolve through a guided journey, shaped by the intelligence of nature, adapting to conditions in ways that suggest an intricate, purposeful design spanning vast epochs of time? Consider, for instance, the human immune system1, a marvel […]